The clay was then shaped by hand into rough ‘forms’ for the pipe moulds. Lumps of the soaked clay were then placed on a stone flag and beaten with a round iron bar for about an hour. The loaves were dried in front of a fire and when dry were broken up and the clay put into a tub of water for 24 hours. The manufacturing clay came from England in loaves and was bought by the McGuigans in Derry. On his return to Ireland he established the business for an initial short period in Coalisland and later built a kiln and workshop beside the family home in Broughderg. His father, Daniel senior had worked in a clay pipe factory in Scotland.
The donor, Daniel McGuigan (b.1870s) made these particular pipes at his house in Broughderg, Omagh, Co. The history of the McGuigan family clay pipe business The maker’s stamp has a wooden handle and brass stamp, measuring 9cm in total. There are three lugs on each half with engaging pins and holes to secure the complete mould together during manufacture. The word “DERRY” is embossed on the inner side of one half of the mould. Both halves measure 28cm long and contain a mould cavity for a clay pipe measuring 21.5cm long.
The moulds are two halves of a complete cast iron mould for a ‘Derry’ pipe. The desire for novel types of food and drink, as well as tobacco, resulted in the adoption of new customs and habits into English society, particularly in public institutions like the tavern.The nineteenth century clay pipe business of the McGuigan family of Broughderg, Co. The production of clay pipes also reflects pre-industrial manufacturing and consumerism fueled by English colonization and trade, which eventually propelled England into a position of dominance in the world system. The desire for tobacco fueled a tobacco-growing economy in the Chesapeake colonies, which necessitated the manufacture of clay pipes in England. The Port Royal pipes also reflect other trends within the context of 17th-century English economy and society. A comparison of the Binford and Heighton/Deagan methods of formula dating also confirmed that the Binford method was more reliable, because Heighton/Deagan dates were consistently off by 20 years or more. Applying Binford's straight-line regression formula to the Port Royal pipes resulted in date ranges close to the Port Royal earthquake.
In applying Stanley South's model, the "Brunswick Pattern of adjacent secondary refuse disposal" to the yard areas at Port Royal, it was found that the accumulation of pipes and other artifacts in the yards reflects areas of multiple activities rather than the disposal behavior commonly associated with English colonial sites. The heavy concentrations of pipes found in Room 5, Building 1, and Room 2, Building 3, also support these findings and strongly suggest that both buildings had storage facilities which contained the current retail stock in pipes to be sold in the shops and taverns of Port Royal. Findings from the Bristol Port Books for 16-1695, and from entries listed in the Jamaica Probate Records verify that enormous quantities of clay pipes were being shipped to Port Royal. Thirty-nine makers' marks were also identified, many of them ascribed to Bristol pipemakers, where most of Port Royal's pipes were manufactured and exported. From a database of 21,575 pipes recovered from 1981-1990, 61 bowl types were identified and arranged in an expandable typology. The examination and analysis of the kaolin clay pipe collection from Port Royal, Jamaica, revealed several trends.
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